SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Overview

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane. It represents a novel class of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics designed to restore bioenergetic function at the organelle level.

Mechanism of Action

SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane that is essential for electron transport chain (ETC) function. By stabilizing cardiolipin interactions with cytochrome c, SS-31 optimizes electron transfer, reduces electron leak, and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This restores ATP synthesis efficiency without acting as a conventional antioxidant.

Research Context

Preclinical and clinical studies have examined SS-31 in models of heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy, renal injury, and age-related skeletal muscle decline. Its mechanism is distinct from traditional antioxidants because it works upstream at the ETC itself rather than scavenging free radicals after they are produced.

Key Research Areas

Considerations for Researchers

SS-31 is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder. It has relatively high aqueous solubility. Store at -20C long-term. Due to the specificity of its mitochondrial targeting, purity verification is critical. Confirm identity via LC-MS.